Coloured low-emissivity films for building envelopes for year-round energy savings (2024)

1. Yin, X., Yang, R., Tan, G. & Fan, S. Terrestrial radiative cooling: using the cold universe as a renewable and sustainable energy source. Science 370, 786–791 (2020).

   Article CAS Google Scholar

2. Quadrennial Technology Review: An Assessment of Energy Technologies and Research Opportunities Ch. 5 (US Department of Energy, 2015); https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/03/f34/qtr-2015-chapter5.pdf

3. Heating and Cooling (US Department of Energy, accessed 16 April 2021); www.energy.gov/heating-cooling

4. Li, T. et al. A radiative cooling structural material. Science 364, 760–763 (2019).

   Article CAS Google Scholar

5. Goetzler, W. Energy Savings Potential and RD&D Opportunities for Commercial Building HVAC Systems (US Department of Energy, 2017).

6. Jelle, B. P. Traditional, state-of-the-art and future thermal building insulation materials and solutions—properties, requirements and possibilities. Energy Build. 43, 2549–2563 (2011).

   Article Google Scholar

7. Pisello, A. L. State of the art on the development of cool coatings for buildings and cities. Sol. Energy 144, 660–680 (2017).

   Article CAS Google Scholar

8. Zhai, Y. et al. Scalable-manufactured randomized glass–polymer hybrid metamaterial for daytime radiative cooling. Science 355, 1062–1066 (2017).

   Article CAS Google Scholar

9. Mandal, J. et al. Hierarchically porous polymer coatings for highly efficient passive daytime radiative cooling. Science 362, 315–319 (2018).

   Article CAS Google Scholar

10. Chen, Y. et al. Colored and paintable bilayer coatings with high solar-infrared reflectance for efficient cooling. Sci. Adv. 6, eaaz5413 (2020).

    Article CAS Google Scholar

11. Zhou, L. et al. A polydimethylsiloxane-coated metal structure for all-day radiative cooling. Nat. Sustain. 2, 718–724 (2019).

    Article Google Scholar

12. Raman, A. P., Anoma, M. A., Zhu, L., Rephaeli, E. & Fan, S. Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight. Nature 515, 540–544 (2014).

    Article CAS Google Scholar

13. Hernández-Pérez, I. et al. Thermal performance of reflective materials applied to exterior building components—a review. Energy Build. 80, 81–105 (2014).

    Article Google Scholar

14. Li, X. et al. Integration of daytime radiative cooling and solar heating for year-round energy saving in buildings. Nat. Commun. 11, 6101 (2020).

    Article CAS Google Scholar

15. Martilli, A., Clappier, A. & Rotach, M. W. An urban surface exchange parameterisation for mesoscale models. Bound. Layer Meteorol. 104, 261–304 (2002).

    Article Google Scholar

16. Albatici, R., Passerini, F., Tonelli, A. M. & Gialanella, S. Assessment of the thermal emissivity value of building materials using an infrared thermovision technique emissometer. Energy Build. 66, 33–40 (2013).

    Article Google Scholar

17. Avdelidis, N. P. & Moropoulou, A. Emissivity considerations in building thermography. Energy Build. 35, 663–667 (2003).

    Article Google Scholar

18. Aditya, L. et al. A review on insulation materials for energy conservation in buildings. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 73, 1352–1365 (2017).

    Article CAS Google Scholar

19. Jelle, B. P., Kalnæs, S. E. & Gao, T. Low-emissivity materials for building applications: a state-of-the-art review and future research perspectives. Energy Build. 96, 329–356 (2015).

    Article Google Scholar

20. Guo, W., Qiao, X., Huang, Y., Fang, M. & Han, X. Study on energy saving effect of heat-reflective insulation coating on envelopes in the hot summer and cold winter zone. Energy Build. 50, 196–203 (2012).

    Article Google Scholar

21. Juanicó, L. E. Thermal insulation of roofs by using multiple air gaps separated by insulating layers of low infrared emissivity. Constr. Build. Mater. 230, 116931 (2020).

    Article Google Scholar

22. Tenpierik, M. J. & Hasselaar, E. Reflective multi-foil insulations for buildings: a review. Energy Build. 56, 233–243 (2013).

    Article Google Scholar

23. Medina, M. A. A comprehensive review of radiant barrier research including laboratory and field experiments. ASHRAE Trans. 118, 400–407 (2012).

    Google Scholar

24. Principi, P. & Fioretti, R. Thermal analysis of the application of PCM and low emissivity coating in hollow bricks. Energy Build. 51, 131–142 (2012).

    Article Google Scholar

25. Fantucci, S. & Serra, V. Experimental assessment of the effects of low-emissivity paints as interior radiation control coatings. Appl. Sci. 10, 842 (2020).

    Article CAS Google Scholar

26. Joudi, A., Svedung, H., Cehlin, M. & Rönnelid, M. Reflective coatings for interior and exterior of buildings and improving thermal performance. Appl. Energy 103, 562–570 (2013).

    Article Google Scholar

27. Fantucci, S. & Serra, V. Low-E paints enhanced building components: performance, limits and research perspectives. Energy Procedia 126, 274–281 (2017).

    Article Google Scholar

28. Shen, H., Tan, H. & Tzempelikos, A. The effect of reflective coatings on building surface temperatures, indoor environment and energy consumption—an experimental study. Energy Build. 43, 573–580 (2011).

    Article Google Scholar

29. Cai, L. et al. Temperature regulation in colored infrared-transparent polyethylene textiles. Joule 3, 1478–1486 (2019).

    Article CAS Google Scholar

30. Peng, Y. & Cui, Y. Advanced textiles for personal thermal management and energy. Joule 4, 724–742 (2020).

    Article CAS Google Scholar

31. Hsu, P.-C. et al. Radiative human body cooling by nanoporous polyethylene textile. Science 353, 1019–1023 (2016).

    Article CAS Google Scholar

32. Peng, Y. et al. Nanoporous polyethylene microfibres for large-scale radiative cooling fabric. Nat. Sustain. 1, 105–112 (2018).

    Article Google Scholar

33. Hsu, P.-C. et al. A dual-mode textile for human body radiative heating and cooling. Sci. Adv. 3, e1700895 (2017).

    Article Google Scholar

34. Reale, A. et al. Spray coating for polymer solar cells: an up-to-date overview. Energy Technol. 3, 385–406 (2015).

    Article CAS Google Scholar

35. Chen, Y. et al. Roll-to-roll production of metal–organic framework coatings for particulate matter removal. Adv. Mater. 29, 4–9 (2017).

    Google Scholar

36. Fan, L., Li, W., Jin, W., Orenstein, M. & Fan, S. Maximal nighttime electrical power generation via optimal radiative cooling. Opt. Express 28, 25460–25470 (2020).

    Article CAS Google Scholar

37. Crawley, D. B., Pedersen, C. O., Lawrie, L. K. & Winkelmann, F. C. EnergyPlus: energy simulation program. ASHRAE J. 42, 49–56 (2000).

    Google Scholar

Download references